RT-PCR validation of overexpressed genes in biliary cancers. Two genes overexpressed in the Affymetrix analysis, homeobox B7 (HoxB7) and dickkopf-1 homolog (Dkk1), were selected for RT-PCR in five biliary cancer cell lines (GBH3, SNU1079, SNU308, SNU245, and HuCCT1), and three samples of normal biliary epithelium. HoxB7 expression is absent in the normal epithelium, but is present in 4 of 5 biliary cancer cell lines; water control is appropriately negative (top panel). Dkk-1 expression is present in normal epithelium, but its expression is up-regulated in 5 of 5 cell lines; water control is appropriately negative (middle panel). GAPDH is used as an external control (bottom panel).