Characterization of antibodies to p70 S6 kinase and detection of p70 S6 kinase immunoreactivity in human brain homogenates by Western blots. Blots of homogenates from AD and control brains (12.5 μg protein/lane), AD p-tau (2 μg protein/lane), PHF-tau (2 μg protein/lane), and extracts from non-treated and serum-treated NIH-3T3 cells (negative and positive controls, respectively) were developed with antibodies to total p70 S6 kinase, p70 S6 kinase phosphorylated at either T389 or T421/S424. The p70 S6 kinase antibodies consistently identified p70/p85 kd S6 kinase in homogenates and NIH-3T3 cell lysates. None of the p70 S6 kinase antibodies showed cross-reaction with either AD p-tau or PHF-tau (A and B). No difference between AD and control cases was observed with total p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K) whereas antibody to the p70 S6 kinase T421/S424 showed increase in most AD cases (C).