Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline1
| HCLF Diet group2 (n = 7) | HPLF Diet group2 (n = 9) | |
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics on which study participants were matched at baseline3 | ||
| Gender | Females: 5, Males: 2 | Females: 7, Males: 2 |
| Age (y) | 34.6 ± 3.6 (23–53) | 35.2 ± 4.9 (20–57) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 35.9 ± 1.4 (30.5–40.5) | 34.6 ± 2.2 (25.7–43.3) |
| Fasting insulin (µU/L) | 19.7 ± 2.6 (15.2–28.6) | 29.8 ± 11.7 (15.4–42.3) |
| Additional characteristics of study participants at baseline | ||
| Anthropometric characteristics | ||
| Weight (kg) | 107.1 ± 7.8 (57.7–122.5) | 94.5 ± 3.6 (97.2–120.8) |
| Height (cm) | 173.5 ± 2.5 (167.6–187.9) | 164.8 ± 3.2 (149.9–175.3) |
| Body fat (%) | 44.3 ± 2.8 (30.3–51.4) | 44.3 ± 2.8 (28.0–53.7) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 47.7 ± 3.2 (32.6–58.8) | 39.2 ± 5.3 (18.5–66.8) |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 132.0 ± 7.9 (121.2–165.2) | 121.8 ± 7.8 (87.2–157.8) |
| Leg fat (per region) (%) | 44.3 ± 3.0 (30.5–56.0) | 46.5 ± 3.8 (27.9–56.3) |
| Truncal fat (per region) (%) | 45.0 ± 2.3 (38.2–52.5) | 44.6 ± 1.5 (37.9–49.1) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108.7 ± 3.8 (89.5–118.1) | 105.4 ± 6.0 (86.4–132.2) |
| Physiologic characteristics4 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 110.9 ± 5.3 (95.9–128.7) | 98.6 ± 4.0 (84.4–115.6) |
| HOMA insulin sensitivity4 | 5.3 ± 0.7 (2.6–7.8) | 3.1 ± 0.8 (2.9–7.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.9 ± 12.9 (148.0–243.0) | 225 ± 8.9 (196.0–266.0) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)5 | 49.7 ± 5.4 (30.0–66.0) | 54.8 ± 2.7 (39.0–66.0) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)5 | 119.7 ± 10.9 (93.0–170.0) | 146.0 ± 7.8 (121.0–174.0) |
| VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL)5 | 20.0 ± 4.6 (10.0–44.0) | 24.3 ± 4.7 (15.0–54.0) |
| Triacylglycerides (mg/dL) | 118.7 ± 27.7 (59.0–261.0) | 146.0 ± 27.5 (93.0–321.0) |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||
| Systolic | 116.9 ± 2.3 (112–128) | 113.0 ± 3.1 (100–122) |
| Diastolic | 70.9 ± 3.9 (60–90) | 71.8 ± 2.0 (68–80) |
All values are mean ± SEM; range in parentheses. Groups did not differ significantly at baseline.
HCLF, high-carbohydrate, low-fat; HPLF, high-protein, low-fat.
Data presented are for the 16 participants who finished the study.
Desirable values for physiologic characteristics (40): fasting plasma glucose (70–110 mg/dL); total cholesterol (< 200 mg/dL); HDL (> 45 mg/dL M, > 55 mg/dL F); LDL (60–180 mg/dL); VLDL (25–50 mg/dL); triacylglycerides (40–160 mg/dL M, 35–135 mg/dL F); systolic blood pressure (≤ 120 mm Hg); diastolic blood pressure (≤ 80 mm Hg).
HOMA, Homeostasis Model of Assessment; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.