Table 3.

Molecular based studies suggesting substrate does not affect EC thrombogenicity.

Molecules tested	Cell type	Substrate material	Results	Ref.
TF and PGI2	Human umbilical vein	Dacron, PET graft	No difference between materials but surface roughness had an effect	153
TF, TM, MCP-1	Human aortic Human pulmonary Human dermal microvascular	Fibronectin and two plasma treated polymers* of different hydrophobicity	No difference among materials but cell source had an effect	171
TM	Human umbilical vein Human omentum microvascular	ePTFE TCPS	No difference between materials but cell source had an effect	154
TM	Human saphenous vein	ePTFE TCPS	No difference between materials but surface roughness had an effect	155
tPA, PAI-1, vWF	Human aortic	Polymers of different hydrophilicity with or without Fn coating	Differences seen on Fn substrates only at early time points but no differences at confluence	164
vWF and TF	Human umbilical vein	EDC-NHS crosslinked heparinized collagen TCPS	No differences	165
vWF	Human umbilical vein	Fn coated heparin like microcarriers TCPS	No differences	141
tPA, PAI-1 PGI2	Human umbilical vein	EDC-NHS crosslinked heparinized collagen with different concentration of crosslinks	No differences	150
PGI2	Human umbilical vein	Carbodiimide crosslinked gelatin and albumin gels	Reduction in PGI2 over time in culture with no differences between materials by day 5	144
VCAM, ICAM, PECAM, ELAM	Human umbilical vein	Dacron TCPS	No differences	151, 163

^*gamma-butyrolactone and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

Fn = fibronectin, PS = polystyrene, TCPS = tissue culture PS, EDC = N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide, NHS = N-hydroxysuccinimide