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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2007 Feb 9;28(16):2547–2571. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.039

Table 7.

Endpoint measurement options in whole blood experiments

End point Related characteristic Measurement methods
Clot time/flow rate Thrombus formation Observation and timed collection
Blood viscosity Thrombosis initiation and progression Rheometer
Analysis of exposed surface
Platelet adhesion and spreading Platelet adhesion and activation SEM, radio-labeling
Leukocyte adhesion and spreading Leukocyte adhesion and activation SEM, radio-labeling
Fibrin/thrombus deposition Thrombus accumulation SEM, radio-labeling
Analysis of exposed blood
Fibrinopeptide A Fibrin production Chromogenic substrate
Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) Thrombin production Chromogenic substrate
Prothrombin fragment (F1+2) Prothrombin conversion (i.e. thrombin generation) Chromogenic substrate
Thrombin activity Thrombin activity Chromogenic or fibrinogen substrate
Platelet activation Platelet activation Flow cytometry, serotonin secretion
Microparticle formation Platelet activation Flow cytometry
Leukocyte activation Leukocyte activation Flow cytometry