Closed bars, Arctic haplogroups (A, C and D); open bars, tropical haplogroups (L1, L2 and L3). (A) Respiratory control ratio (State 3 respiration rate/State 4 respiration rate) using succinate as substrate. (B) Coupling efficiency using succinate as substrate at the Δψ of State 3. (C) Coupling efficiency using succinate as substrate at selected Δψ values between that at State 3 and that at State 4. Values at 145 mV or less were significantly different from values at 155 mV. (D) Respiration rates with α-oxoglutarate+malate as substrate. (E) Respiratory control ratio using α-oxoglutarate+malate as substrate. Results are means±S.E.M. for nine cell clones (three different clones for each of the three constituent haplogroups); there were three or four (A, B and C) or one (D and E) independent mitochondrial preparation(s) per clone. Values in (A, B and C) were calculated from the results shown in Figure 2(A).