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. 2007 Jun;13(6):817–823. doi: 10.1261/rna.367307

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FIGURE 3. — Toeprint assay of translocation of tRNA_ACGA. Each band corresponds to a defined position of the ribosome on the mRNA, produced from a DNA oligonucleotide primer annealed to the mRNA upstream of the ribosome and extended by reverse transcriptase until it reaches the ribosome and falls off. The arrows indicate the position of the toeprint band corresponding to the mRNA codon in the P site. Positioning of the UCG codon in the P site would correspond to three-base translocation while UCGU in the P site corresponds to four-base translocation from the AUG codon. (Lane 1) mRNA positioning by direct P site binding of tRNA_ACGA. (Lane 2) mRNA positioning by P-site binding of tRNA_CAU and addition of tRNA_ACGA in the A site. (Lane 3) Same as lane 2 but after addition of EF-G + GTP.