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Experimental schedules. (a–c) Direct transfer: experimental group (a); exposed group, no training (b); naïve control (c). (d–g) Indirect transfer with retention period in food vial; experimental group (d); exposed group, no training (e); handling control (flies have only short chamber experience of 1 to 2 sec), no training (f); and transfer experiment with single flies in small plastic vials (g). Figure indicates pretest (pre), training (tr), test (te), and reminder training (rem).
