Figure 1.

Percent correct scores for control volunteers (CON; n = 10) and for amnesic patients with damage to the hippocampal region (H; n = 4) on a recognition memory test for pictures of houses or faces presented in isolation (single-item; white bars) and on an associative recognition test involving house-face pairs (associative; gray bars). In Experiment 1 (left), control volunteers and amnesic patients studied each item (single items or face-house pairs) only once (1×). In Experiment 2 (right), the amnesic patients studied each item eight times (8×). Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean, and the dashed lines indicate chance performance.