Table 1.
Ambulatory grading scales*
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
| Frankel Score | |
| A | No motor or sensory function |
| B | Preserved sensation only, no motor function |
| C | Nonambulatory, wheelchair bound, some motor function |
| D | Ambulatory but with neurological symptoms |
| E | Normal neurological functions |
| Tomita Scale | |
| I | Able to walk without support |
| II | Able to walk with support |
| III | Unable to walk |
| IV | Paraplegia |
| Cooper Scale | |
| 0 | Intact |
| 1 | Walks independently but not normally |
| 2 | Walks with cane or walker |
| 3 | Stands but is not ambulatory |
| 4 | Slight movement but cannot walk or stand |
| 5 | No movement |
| Brice and McKissock Scale | |
| I | Mild weakness, but able to walk |
| II | Moderate weakness, able to move legs, but not against gravity |
| III | Severe weakness, slight residual motor and sensory function |
| IV | No motor, sensory, or sphincter function below the level of the lesion |
*
The scales included are the Frankel Score (Frankel et al., 1969), the Tomita Scale (Tomita et al., 1983), the Cooper Scale (Cooper et al., 1993), and Brice and McKissock Scale (Brice and McKissock, 1965).