Analysis of the relative levels of expression of CDK4, MMP2, IGFBP2, and RPS9 by real-time QRT-PCR in 43 AAs, 41 GBMs, and seven samples of adjacent normal tissue, normalized to β-actin. The y-axis is a log 10–transformed ratio of target gene versus β-actin. The bar and vertical line for each class indicate the mean and standard deviation, respectively. Statistical significance is shown by P values from a Wilcoxon rank sum test based on gene expression ratio.