Table 3.
Influence of socioeconomic factors and BMI on serum micromineral status of drug dependent subjects and non-drug dependent controls.
| Copper (μmol/L)a | Zinc (μmol/L)b | Iron (μmol/L)c | ||
| Parameter | % (n) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |
| Drug dependent subjects | ||||
| Education1 | ||||
| 0–10 class | 61.3(155) | 22.24 ± 5.95* | 13.36 ± 4.27* | 20.85 ± 6.56 |
| 11–15 class | 38.7(98) | 20.62 ± 5.59* | 14.59 ± 4.83* | 19.93 ± 6.37 |
| Occupation2 | ||||
| Business | 45.5(115) | 21.82 ± 5.78 | 14.37 ± 4.90 | 20.60 ± 6.35 |
| Others | 54.5(138) | 21.51 ± 5.94 | 13.40 ± 4.16 | 20.41 ± 6.62 |
| Monthly income US$3 | ||||
| 20–100 | 59.7(151) | 21.81 ± 6.11 | 13.45 ± 4.68 | 20.77 ± 6.73 |
| 101–890 | 40.3(102) | 21.40 ± 5.49 | 14.42 ± 4.26 | 20.09 ± 6.12 |
| Age in year4 | ||||
| 18–29 | 63.6(161) | 20.95 ± 5.67* | 14.27 ± 4.90* | 20.36 ± 6.57 |
| 30–45 | 36.4(92) | 23.05 ± 5.96* | 13.10 ± 3.72* | 20.73 ± 6.38 |
| Marital status5 | ||||
| Married | 59.7(151) | 22.13 ± 5.68 | 13.98 ± 4.69 | 21.20 ± 6.58 |
| Unmarried | 40.3(102) | 20.93 ± 6.07 | 13.63 ± 4.29 | 19.45 ± 6.23 |
| Body mass index6 | ||||
| 11.5–18.4 | 65.6(166) | 22.29 ± 6.16* | 13.20 ± 3.90* | 21.24 ± 6.59* |
| 18.5–28.5 | 34.4(87) | 20.43 ± 5.05* | 15.07 ± 5.35* | 19.07 ± 6.07* |
| Non-drug dependents | ||||
| Education7 | ||||
| 0–10 class | 56.0(56) | 14.16 ± 3.79* | 10.89 ± 3.08* | 33.75 ± 8.34 |
| 11–15 class | 44.0(44) | 16.65 ± 4.03* | 14.05 ± 4.50* | 30.74 ± 9.35 |
| Occupation8 | ||||
| Business | 43.0(44) | 13.11 ± 3.37* | 10.03 ± 2.33* | 34.74 ± 8.10* |
| Others | 57.0(56) | 16.94 ± 3.79* | 14.05 ± 4.27* | 30.60 ± 9.11* |
| Monthly income US$9 | ||||
| 20–100 | 62.0(62) | 15.16 ± 4.29 | 12.11 ± 3.91 | 32.35 ± 8.55 |
| 101–890 | 38.0(38) | 15.40 ± .74 | 12.55 ± 4.36 | 32.54 ± 9.51 |
| Age in year10 | ||||
| 18–29 | 59.0(59) | 15.24 ± .4.15 | 12.75 ± .4.01 | 32.30 ± .8.94 |
| 30–45 | 41.0(41) | 15.28 ± .4.01 | 11.61 ± .4.10 | 32.61 ± .8.90 |
| Marital status11 | ||||
| Married | 55.0(55) | 15.03 ± .4.14 | 11.19 ± .3.85* | 33.16 ± .8.70 |
| Unmarried | 45.0(45) | 15.53 ± .4.02 | 13.62 ± .3.96* | 31.53 ± .9.11 |
| Body mass index12 | ||||
| 11.5–18.4 | 15.0(15) | 15.98 ± .3.95 | 11.99 ± .3.01 | 33.12 ± .9.20 |
| 18.5–28.5 | 85.0(85) | 15.13 ± .4.10 | 12.33 ± .4.24 | 32.30 ± .8.87 |
*Significant (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA.
1aF(1,251) = 5.01, p = 0.026
1bF(1,251) = 4.44, p = 0.036
4aF(1,251) = 8.47, p = 0.004
4bF(1,251) = 3.99, p = 0.047
5cF(1,251) = 4.47, p = 0.035
6aF(1,251) = 5.83, p = 0.017
6bF(1,251) = 10.1, p = 0.002
6cF(1,251) = 6.59, p = 0.011
7aF(1,98) = 10.0, p = 0.002
7bF(1,98) = 17.4, p = 0.001
8aF(1,98) = 27.7, p = 0.001
8bF(1,98) = 31.6, p = 0.001
8cF(1,98) = 5.59, p = 0.020
11bF(1,98) = 9.62, p = 0.003.