Table 2.
Number of households visited, prevalence of illnesses, use of OTC antimalarials and malaria parasite prevalence (%: 95% CI)
| Busia | Kwale | Makueni | All districts | P values * | |
| Households visited | 4017 | 4174 | 4254 | 12 445 | - |
| Children under 5 years | |||||
| Number interviewed | 3451 | 4081 | 3973 | 11 505 | - |
| Recent fever | 1437/3451 (41.7: 39.5, 43.9) |
1770/4081 (43.3: 41.5, 45.2) |
1216/3973 (30.8: 28.7, 33.0) |
4423/11 505 (29.0: 28.1, 29.8) |
<0.001 |
| Fevers first treated with OTC medicines† | 540/1437 (37.6: 35.1, 40.1) |
898/1770 (50.7: 48.3, 53.1) |
641/1216 (52.7: 49.8, 55.5) |
2079/4423 (47.0: 45.5, 48.5) |
<0.001 |
| OTC users taking an AM‡ | 237/519 (45.7: 41.3, 50.1) |
147/898 (16.3: 13.9, 18.9) |
83/638 (13.3: 9.5, 17.9) |
467/2057 (22.7: 20.9, 24.6) |
<0.001 |
| OTC SP users taking adequate dose§ | 68/141 (48.3: 37.9, 58.8) |
19/39 (48.6: 32.5, 64.9) |
11/31 (40.4: 19.0, 66.3) |
98/211 (46.4: 39.5, 53.4) |
0.415 |
| OTC AQ users taking adequate dose | 16/112 (14.2: 8.7, 22.2) |
5/56 (9.1: 4.0, 19.5) |
3/31 (10.7: 3.4, 28.9) |
24/98 (12.1: 16.3, 34.2) |
0.547 |
| Rapid malaria test positive | 805/971 (82.8: 79.0, 86.1) |
695/963 (71.1: 64.4, 76.9) |
34/980 (3.2: 2.1, 4.8) |
1534/2914 (52.6: 50.8, 54.4) |
<0.001 |
| Adults | |||||
| Number Interviewed∥ | 6198 | 6750 | 6966 | 19 914 | - |
| Recent illness** | 1027/6198 (16.6: 14.4, 19.0) |
1805/6750 (26.7: 24.9, 28.6) |
1268/6966 (18.2: 17.1, 19.4) |
4098/19 914 (20.6: 20.0, 21.1) |
<0.001 |
| First treated with OTC medicines | 472/1027 (46.0: 42.8, 49.1) |
1103/1805 (61.1: 58.8, 63.3) |
753/126510 (59.5: 56.7, 62.2) |
2328/4097 (56.8: 55.2, 58.3) |
<0.001 |
| OTC users taking an AM | Not collected†† | 291/1081 (26.9: 21.3, 33.5) |
384/745 (53.3: 48.6, 57.9) |
675/1826 (36.9: 34.7, 39.2) |
<0.001 |
| OTC SP users taking adequate dose | 80/102 (78.3: 68.4, 85.8) |
75/95 (79.4: 68.3, 87.3) |
157/179 (87.7: 81.5, 92.0) |
312/376 (83.8: 78.7, 86.6) |
0.07 |
| OTC AQ users taking adequate dose | 2/44 (4.4: 1.1, 16.6) |
0/148 | 5/174 (2.4: 0.9, 6.0) |
7/336 (1.9: 0.8, 4.2) |
0.07 |
*. Chi-square test of association for differences between districts
†. Includes episodes where the individual was visited 3 days or more after treatment begun to exclude part courses of amodioquine (also see methods); OTC medicines includes those bought from general shops, chemists or mobile vendors and those kept at home from. 2. All adults available in the home at the time of visit
‡ There were 21 episodes in Busia and 3 in Makueni where OTC medicine could not be identified
§. Adequate dosage is according to MOH recommendations (see table 3 and 4): over dosage occurs when more and under dosage when less than the recommended amount of the drug is given
∥ All adults available in the home at the time of visit
**. In Busia, the frequency refers to the number of adults reported "perceived malaria" whereas in Kwale and Makueni this represents the number of adults with a recent acute illness of any type, excluding trauma.
†† Data on the proportion of acute illnesses in adults where an AM was used was not collected in Busia.