AHR in PDE4D+/+ and PDE4D−/− mice. (A) Concentration dependence of the methacholine response. PDE4D+/+ and PDE4D−/− mice were immunized with OVA (50 μg) in alum i.p. on days 0 and 14, and i.n. (50 μg OVA in 50 μl PBS) on days 14, 25, 26, and 27. Control mice received alum i.p. and normal saline i.n.. One day after the last i.n. challenge with OVA, AHR in response to increasing concentrations of methacholine was measured from conscious mice placed in a whole-body plethysmograph as detailed in Materials and Methods. Data are expressed as percent above baseline (mean ± SEM; n = 6 for each data point). (B) Airway response to high concentrations of methacholine in nonimmunized mice. AHR was measured in PDE4D+/+ and PDE4D−/− mice after challenge with a single dose of methacholine (120 mg/ml) (n = 5).