TABLE 2—
Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in the Previous 3 Months and Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Status of Participants in Brief HIV/STD Risk-Reduction Interventions, by Intervention Group and Follow-Up Period: “Sister-to-Sister: The Black Women’s Health Project,” Newark, NJ, 1993–1996
| Intervention Groupa | P for Contrasts | |||||||
| Behavior and STD Status | Group Skill (n = 118) | One-on- One Skill (n = 123) | Group Information (n = 124) | One-on-One Information (n = 118) | Group Health (n = 81) | Skill Groups vs Control | Skill Groups vs Information Groups | Group Skill vs One-on-One Skill |
| Protected sexual intercourse, adjusted mean proportion (SE) | ||||||||
| At 3-mo follow-up | 0.75 (0.02) | 0.74 (0.02) | 0.69 (0.02) | 0.67 (0.02) | 0.68 (0.02) | .10 | .02 | .89 |
| At 6-mo follow-up | 0.73 (0.02) | 0.70 (0.02) | 0.68 (0.02) | 0.67 (0.02) | 0.72 (0.02) | .85 | .07 | .68 |
| At 12-mo follow-up | 0.79 (0.02) | 0.70 (0.02) | 0.69 (0.02) | 0.69 (0.02) | 0.62 (0.03) | .03 | .05 | .05 |
| Condom use at last sexual intercourse, adjusted proportion (SE) | ||||||||
| At 3-mo follow-up | 0.52 (0.02) | 0.52 (0.02) | 0.51 (0.02) | 0.51 (0.02) | 0.39 (0.03) | .05 | .92 | .48 |
| At 6-mo follow-up | 0.60 (0.02) | 0.46 (0.02) | 0.46 (0.02) | 0.59 (0.02) | 0.51 (0.03) | .89 | .69 | .13 |
| At 12-mo follow-up | 0.59 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.36 (0.02) | 0.52 (0.02) | 0.40 (0.03) | .03 | .01 | .80 |
| Unprotected sexual intercourse, adjusted mean frequency (SE) | ||||||||
| At 3-mo follow-up | 4.49 (0.73) | 3.08 (0.46) | 5.32 (0.54) | 5.40 (0.42) | 8.20 (1.62) | .02 | .01 | .69 |
| At 6-mo follow-up | 4.93 (0.73) | 3.38 (0.51) | 3.77 (0.34) | 5.58 (0.34) | 6.90 (1.47) | .59 | .16 | .67 |
| At 12-mo follow-up | 5.14 (0.89) | 3.60 (0.64) | 5.94 (0.62) | 5.12 (0.24) | 8.34 (1.90) | .18 | .02 | .58 |
| Tested positive for STD, adjusted % (SE) | ||||||||
| At 6-mo follow-up | 0.18 (0.003) | 0.22 (0.004) | 0.16 (0.003) | 0.17 (0.003) | 0.15 (0.004) | .35 | .38 | .45 |
| At 12-mo follow-up | 0.15 (0.003) | 0.14 (0.003) | 0.19 (0.003) | 0.22 (0.004) | 0.27 (0.006) | .03 | .13 | .82 |
Note. The adjusted means and proportions are the follow-up measure partialling out (removing the effect of the baseline measure) the effect of the baseline measure. P values were derived using the Wald χ2 test of the generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The model for intervention effects at each follow-up includes baseline behavior, intervention group, time, and time-by-intervention interaction. STD is a positive test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. Proportion of protected sexual intercourse was analyzed through use of identity link by specifying the normal distribution in the GEE. STD results and condom use at last sexual intercourse were analyzed through logit link by specifying the binomial distribution in the GEE. Frequency of unprotected intercourse was analyzed through log link by specifying the Poisson distribution in the GEE. The group health intervention was the control group.
aSkill-building interventions were aimed at increasing skill related to the correct use of condoms and the negotiation of condom use with a sexual partner; information interventions were designed to increase knowledge about HIV/STD transmission and prevention and personal vulnerability to HIV/STDs. The control group received a general health promotion intervention focused not on HIV/STD risk behavior but on behaviors (diet, physical exercise, alcohol and tobacco use) associated with risk of heart disease, stroke, and cancer.