TABLE 1—

Characteristics of HIV-Infected Women Giving Birth (n = 496): Maternal–Infant Care Evaluation, Pediatric Spectrum of Disease, and Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance Studies; California, 1987–2000

Characteristic	All Study Women, No. (%)	Women Giving Birth 1987–1995, No. (%)	Women Giving Birth 1996–2002, No. (%)	P
Year of delivery
1987–1995	192 (38.7)	NA	NA
1996–2002	304 (61.3)	NA	NA
Maternal age, y				.96
< 20	19 (3.8)	6 (13.1)	13 (4.3)
20–24	104 (21)	38 (19.8)	66 (21.7)
25–29	145 (29.2)	58 (30.2)	87 (28.6)
30–34	133 (26.8)	51 (26.6)	82 (26.9)
≥ 35	92 (18.6)	38 (19.8)	54 (17.8)
Unknown	3 (0.6)	1 (0.5)	2 (0.7)
Race/ethnicity				.25
Black	236 (47.6)	101 (52.6)	135 (44.4)
White	123 (24.8)	48 (25.0)	75 (24.7)
Hispanic	98 (19.8)	32 (16.7)	66 (21.7)
Other	34 (6.9)	9 (4.7)	25 (8.2)
Unknown	5 (1)	2 (1.0)	3 (1.0)
Time of HIV diagnosis				< .001
Before this pregnancy	265 (53.4)	81 (42.2)	184 (60.5)
During this pregnancy	147 (29.6)	51 (26.6)	96 (31.6)
At labor	24 (4.8)	17 (8.8)	7 (2.3)
After this pregnancy	32 (6.5)	22 (11.5)	10 (3.3)
Unknown	28 (5.6)	21 (10.9)	7 (2.3)
Received prenatal care				< .001
No	68 (13.7)	46 (23.9)	22 (7.2)
Yes	421 (84.9)	141 (73.4)	280 (92.1)
Unknown	7 (1.4)	5 (2.6)	2 (0.7)
History of drug use				< .001
No	225 (45.4)	53 (27.6)	172 (56.6)
Yes	271 (54.6)	139 (72.4)	132 (43.4)
History of high-risk sexa				< .001
No	290 (58.5)	165 (85.9)	125 (41.1)
Yes	206 (41.5)	27 (14.1)	179 (58.9)
History of homelessness				.008
No	465 (93.8)	173 (90.1)	292 (96.1)
Yes	31 (6.3)	19 (9.9)	12 (3.9)
History of mental illness				.003
No	446 (89.9)	163 (84.9)	283 (93.1)
Yes	50 (10.1)	29 (15.1)	21 (6.9)

Note. NA = not applicable.

^aHigh-risk sex was defined as sexual contact with someone known to be HIV infected or at high risk of HIV infection.