Table 1.
Characteristics of case and control patients.
| Cases (n = 29) | Controls (n = 78) | OR (95% CI) or P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean±s.d. | 68±14 | 57±18 | |
| Age-category n (%): | |||
| ≤45 years | 2 (7) | 21 (27) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 45–64 years | 8 (28) | 27 (35) | 3.1 (0.60, 16.2) |
| ≥65 years | 19 (65) | 30 (38) | 6.6 (1.4, 32) |
| Sex n (%) | |||
| Male | 10 (35) | 32 (41) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Female | 19 (65) | 46 (59) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.2) |
| Sodium (mmol l−1) | |||
| ≤120 | 6 (21) | … | … |
| 121–125 | 4 (14) | … | … |
| 126–130 | 19 (65) | … | … |
| Creatinine (µmol l−1), mean±s.d. | 88±44 | 85±36 | 0.732 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol l−1), mean±s.d. | 6.4±3.6 | 6.0±2.9 | 0.623 |
| Potasium (mmol l−1), mean±s.d. | 4.46±0.63 | 4.20±0.43 | 0.017 |
| Exposure n (%) | |||
| Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 22 (76) | 38 (49) | 3.3 (1.3, 8.6) |
| Paroxetine | 21 (69) | 31 (40) | 4.0 (1.6, 10.1) |
| Diuretics | 11 (38) | 18 (23) | 2.0 (0.8, 5.1) |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 7 (24) | 9 (12) | 2.4 (0.8, 7.3) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 5 (17) | 9 (12) | 1.6 (0.5, 5.2) |
| Nitrates | 1 (3) | 5 (6) | 0.5 (0.1, 4.7) |
| β-adrenoceptor blockers | 10 (35) | 13 (17) | 2.6 (1.0, 6.9) |
| Antipsychotics | 6 (21) | 23 (30) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.7) |
| Benzodiazepines | 16 (55) | 37 (47) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.2) |
| Anti-epileptics | 3 (10) | 4 (5) | 2.1 (0.4, 10.2) |
| Co-morbidity n (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (26) | 8 (10) | 3.0 (1.0, 9.3) |
| Hypertension | 5 (19) | 18 (23) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.2) |
| Heart failure | 4 (15) | 7 (9) | 1.7 (0.5, 6.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 12 (43) | 21 (27) | 2.0 (0.8, 4.9) |
| Myocardial infarct | 4 (15) | 11 (14) | 1.0 (0.3, 3.6) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4 (15) | 13 (17) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.9) |
| Lung carcinoma | 3 (11) | 2 (3) | 4.7 (0.7, 29.7) |
| Current smoking | 8 (30) | 29 (38) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.8) |
| Abnormal potassium (>5.0 mmol l−1) | 5 (17) | 1 (1) | 16 (1.8, 143) |