Table 3.
Relative effect of concomitant overdose of the most frequently taken drug groups on the outcome of paracetamol intoxication.
| Benzodiazepines | Opioid analgesics | Acetylsalicylic acid | NSAID | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 99) | Controls (n = 572) | RR | OR | Cases (n = 38) | Controls (n = 633) | RR | OR | Cases (n = 33) | Controls (n = 638) | RR | OR | Cases (n = 32) | Controls (n = 639) | RR | OR | |
| HE | 26 (26%) | 82 (14%) | 1.83* | 1.91† | 6 (16%) | 102 (16%) | 0.98 | 0.26† | 8 (24%) | 100 (16%) | 1.55 | 4.87† | 1 (3%) | 107 (17%) | 0.19* | 0.14 |
| Death/OLT | 12 (12%) | 41 (7%) | 1.69 | 1.44 | 5 (13%) | 48 (8%) | 1.74 | 0.64 | 6 (18%) | 47 (7%) | 2.47* | 6.04† | 1 (3%) | 52 (8%) | 0.38 | 0.42 |
| pp < 0.20 | 49 (49%) | 239 (42%) | 1.18 | 1.31 | 19 (50%) | 269 (42%) | 1.18 | 0.81 | 12 (36%) | 276 (43%) | 0.84 | 0.97 | 8 (25%) | 280 (44%) | 0.57* | 0.58 |
| ALT > 1000 | 66 (67%) | 342 (60%) | 1.12 | 1.75 | 20 (53%) | 388 (61%) | 0.86 | 0.53 | 13 (39%) | 395 (62%) | 0.64* | 0.35 | 16 (50%) | 392 (61%) | 0.82 | 1.20 |
| Creatinine > 200 | 31 (31%) | 113 (20%) | 1.59* | 1.79† | 10 (26%) | 134 (21%) | 1.24 | 0.81 | 8 (24%) | 136 (21%) | 1.14 | 1.70 | 4 (13%) | 140 (22%) | 0.57 | 0.60 |
HE, hepatic encephalopathy; OLT, liver transplant; pp, prothrombin index; ALT, alanine transaminase; NSAID, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug.
RR, relative risk
*
P < 0.05 (chi-square test).
OR, odds ratio from a logistic regression analysis (see text)
†
P < 0.05.