Table 1.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously (0.04 mg kg−1 body weight) and orally (5 mg) administered ketobemidone to critically ill patients.
| I.v. administration | AUClast(nmol l h−1) | Clearance(l h−1) | t1/2,z(h) | MRT(h) | Vd(l kg−1) | Vss(l kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 176.9 | 74.5 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 4.9 |
| 95% CI | 100.9, 310.1 | 43.2, 128.3 | 2.7, 7.0 | 3.3, 8.8 | 2.0, 2.8 | 4.2, 5.7 |
| Oral administration | AUClast(nmol l h−1) | CL/F (l h−1) | t1/2,z(h) | Cmax(nmol l−1) | tmax(min) | Vz/F (l kg−1) |
| Mean | 156.4 | 102.0 | 6.0 | 38 | 48 | 11.2 |
| 95% CI | 131.7, 185.8 | 82.7, 125.8 | 4.9, 7.3 | 31, 47 | 34, 67 | 9.7, 13.1 |
AUClast, area under the plasma concentration curve between time 0 and time of last measured concentration above the lower limit of quantification; t1/2,z, terminal half-life; MRT, mean residence time; Vd, volume of distribution; Vss, volume of distribution at steady state; CL/F, oral clearance; Cmax, peak plasma concentration; tmax, time to reach Cmax; Vz/F, apparent volume of distribution.