Table 4.
Clinical predictors of laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection according to European guidelines.a
| UTI (n = 254) n (%) | No UTI (n = 154) n (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratiob (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine cloudy on examination | 117 (46) | 32 (21) | 3.26 (2.05 to 5.16) | 2.32 (1.40 to 3.85) | 0.001 |
| Urine has offensive smell on examination | 62 (24) | 16 (10) | 2.79 (1.54 to 5.03) | 2.02 (1.05 to 3.90) | 0.034 |
| Patient reports moderately-severe dysuria | 179 (70) | 66 (43) | 3.18 (2.10 to 4.83) | 2.76 (1.78 to 4.28) | <0.001 |
| Patient reports moderately-severe nocturia | 137 (54) | 56 (36) | 2.05 (1.36 to 3.09) | 1.81 (1.16 to 2.80) | 0.008 |
| Patient reports moderately-severe daytime | 185 (72) | 94 (61) | 1.71 (1.12 to 2.62) | 1.37 (0.85 to 2.22) | 0.20 |
| Patient reports moderately-severe urgency | 158 (62) | 77 (50) | 1.65 (1.10 to 2.47) | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.61) | 0.97 |
| Patient reports moderately-severe haematuria | 59 (23) | 18 (12) | 2.29 (1.29 to 4.05) | 1.71 (0.93 to 3.16) | 0.085 |
a
103 colony-forming units per ml.
b
Mutually adjusted for all significant predictors. Other variables tested but not significant in either univariate or multivariate analysis: history of backache, fever, feeling unwell, abdominal pain, prior duration, daytime or night-time frequency (number of times), renal angle tenderness, lower abdominal tenderness, previous history of UTI. UTI = urinary tract infection.