Table 1.
Direct regulators of the cytoskeleton with (potential) functions at growth cones
| Gene name | Common synonyms | Direct regulators | References |
| Actin filament nucleation and elongation (1 + 2) | |||
| Suppressor of profilin 2 (Sop2) | ArpC1 | WASp (+), SCAR/WAVE complex (+; containing: SCAR/WAVE, Hem/kette, Sra-1/CYFIP, Abi, SIP1/HSPC300) | [95,149] |
| Actin-related protein 66B (Arp66B) | Arp3 | ||
| Arp14D, Arc-p34, Arpc3A/3B, Arc-p20, p16-Arc | Arp2, ArpC2-C5 | [93,94] | |
| dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis (DAAM) | NA | ? | * |
| enabled (ena) | ENA/VASP | Abelson (-), Dlar (+) | [100,101,164] |
| Actin monomer binding (3) | |||
| capulet (capt) | acu, CAP | Abelson (+) | [103] |
| ciboulot (cib) | NA | ? | [102] |
| chickadee (chic) | profilin, sand | ena (+) | [101,164] |
| twinfilin (twf) | NA | ? | [104] |
| Barbed-end capping (4) | |||
| capping protein α (cpa) | NA | ? | [109] |
| capping protein β (cpb) | NA | ? | [333] |
| Pointed-end depolymerisation/severing (5) | |||
| twinstar (tsr) | ADF/cofilin | LIMK1 (-), ssh (+) | [111] |
| flightless I (fliI) | (gelsolin family) | ? | [115] |
| quail (qua) | villin-related (gelsolin family) | ? | [116] |
| Actin filament bundling (6) | |||
| singed (sn) | fascin | ? | [126] |
| α Actinin (Actn) | flightless A | ? | [128] |
| Fimbrin (Fim) | NA | ? | [334] |
| cheerio (cher) | filamin | ? | [129] |
| Retrograde flow of filamentous actin (7) | |||
| zipper (zip) | myosin heavy chain | ? | [121] |
| spaghetti squash (sqh) | myosin II light chain | Strn-Mlck (+), Mbs/myosin phosphatase (-) | [119,120] |
| Microtubule plus end binding (+TIPs) (8) | |||
| CLIP-190 | NA | ? | [152] |
| chromosome bows (chb) | CLASP, Orbit/MAST | Abelson (+) | [153] |
| eb1, CG18190, CG32371 | NA | ? | [155] |
| APC-like (Apc) | Apc1 | ? | [154] |
| Apc2 | NA | ? | [154] |
| Microtubule stabilising (9) | |||
| futsch | MAP1B, mAB22C10 | Fmr1/fragileX/fmrp (-) | [163,335] |
| tau | NA | ? | [161] |
| Microtubule-actin linkage (10) | |||
| short stop (shot) | kakapo, groovin | ? | [168] |
| pod-1 | NA | ? | [169] |
The table lists official gene names according to FlyBase [14] (first column), examples of commonly used synonyms (second column; NA, not applicable), molecules reported to regulate the respective gene/protein directly (third column; '+', activating; '-', down-regulating), and representative references (fourth column; for more information refer to FlyBase; preferentially those references are listed that link to the nervous system). Bold headings indicate a functional assignment of the factors listed below, and numbers refer directly to the circled numbers in Figure 3. *See section 'Regulators of actin dynamics in Drosophila growth cones' for more detail.