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. 2003 Nov;89(Suppl 3):iii2–iii8. doi: 10.1136/heart.89.suppl_3.iii2

Techniques for comprehensive two dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function

T Marwick
PMCID: PMC1876300  PMID: 14594869

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Figure 1.

Figure 1

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Mortality after measurement of ejection fraction by radionuclide ventriculography (one year follow up, Multicentre Post-infarction Research Group, 1983) and after 2D echo measurement of ejection fraction (six month follow up, GISSI study 1993). Note the close correlation of the curves, allowing for the difference in follow up between the two cohorts.

Figure 2.

Figure 2

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Three dimensional (3D) echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction. Images from a volumetric dataset are reconstructed (upper centre and right column) and semi-automated edge detection is used to trace the endocardial border and construct a 3D model in systole and diastole (upper left). Expression of volumes in each image yields a time–volume curve (lower left) from which ejection fraction is calculated.

Figure 3.

Figure 3

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Dependence of LV volumes and standard Doppler indices of diastolic function on loading conditions. This patient with renal failure was studied before (above) and after dialysis (below). LV size and LV filling patterns are altered by loading.

Figure 4.

Figure 4

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The 16 segment American Society of Echocardiography model for characterisation of regional LV function, and usual coronary artery distribution of the segments. Reproduced from: Marwick TH. Stress echocardiography – its role in the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, with permission of the publisher.

Figure 5.

Figure 5

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Centre line approach to quantification of regional LV function. Automated detection of the endocardial border is applied in each view (left), repeated in each frame (thumbprint images, centre), and regional excursion between end diastole and end systole is measured using the centre line method. Reproduced from: Marwick TH. Stress echocardiography – its role in the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, with permission of the publisher.

Figure 6.

Figure 6

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Quantitation of radial function using colour kinesis. Each successive ultrasound frame on the image (left) is coded with a different colour. The histogram (right) shows the fractional area change within each segment (x axis). Reproduced from: Marwick TH. Stress echocardiography – its role in the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, with permission of the publisher.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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