Table 7.
Parameter estimates (SE) for cross-level interactions for the Townsend score, Income Support and Income-based Jobseekers Allowance
| Townsend score | IS | IBJSA | |||||
| Variable | Category | Parameter estimatea (SE) | 95% CI | Parameter estimatea (SE) | 95% CI | Parameter estimatea (SE) | 95% CI |
| Age groupb (17–24 reference) | Main effect of contextual variable | -0.751 0.335 |
-1.411, -0.095 |
-0.558 0.334 |
-1.210, 0.090 |
-0.603 0.366 |
-1.328, 0.109 |
| 25–34 | -0.129 0.426 |
-0.968, 0.711 |
-0.386 0.422 |
-1.188, 0.442 |
-0.351 0.458 |
-1.236, 0.551 |
|
| 35–44 | 0.012 0.419 |
-0.804, 0.828 |
-0.243 0.416 |
-1.041, 0.569 |
-0.187 0.455 |
-1.069, 0.695 |
|
| 45–54 | -0.244 0.413 |
-1.067, 0.558 |
-0.511 0.411 |
-1.327, 0.293 |
-0.373 0.443 |
-1.234, 0.497 |
|
| 55–64 | -0.873 0.425 |
-1.685, -0.011 |
-1.383 0.423 |
-2.182, -0.534 |
-0.819 0.459 |
-1.695, 0.109 |
|
| 65–74 | -0.766 0.443 |
-1.633, 0.108 |
-1.122 0.436 |
-1.987, -0.279 |
-0.968 0.477 |
-1.901, -0.037 |
|
| Gender (male reference) | Main effect of contextual variable | -0.830 0.175 |
-1.174, -0.487 |
-0.950 0.173 |
-1.282, -0.614 |
-0.747 0.194 |
-1.132, -0.364 |
| Female | -0.428 0.224 |
-0.879, 0.005 |
-0.415 0.219 |
-0.856, 0.008 |
-0.573 0.240 |
-1.059, -0.107 |
|
| Social class (I&II reference) | Main effect of contextual variable | -0.899 0.233 |
-1.354, -0.435 |
-1.028 0.242 |
-1.506, -0.545 |
-1.191 0.261 |
-1.696, -0.671 |
| III non-manual | -0.272 0.320 |
-0.908, 0.349 |
-0.212 0.324 |
-0.844, 0.421 |
0.083 0.352 |
-0.599, 0.771 |
|
| III manual | 0.317 0.361 |
-0.398, 1.026 |
0.282 0.358 |
-0.428, 0.982 |
0.617 0.390 |
-0.157, 1.379 |
|
| IV | -0.237 0.352 |
-0.922, 0.476 |
-0.178 0.348 |
-0.855, 0.527 |
0.199 0.374 |
-0.533, 0.958 |
|
| V | 0.454 0.600 |
-0.731, 1.602 |
0.118 0.562 |
-0.983, 1.189 |
0.438 0.606 |
-0.762, 1.613 |
|
| Other/missing | -1.168 0.400 |
-1.949, -0.391 |
-1.058 0.393 |
-1.829, -0.277 |
-0.487 0.418 |
-1.299, 0.340 |
|
| Employment Status (employed reference) | Main effect of contextual variable | -0.460 0.162 |
-0.777, -0.136 |
-0.409 0.160 |
-0.723, -0.084 |
-0.534 0.181 |
-0.890, -0.166 |
| Economically active | 0.897 0.685 |
-0.452, 2.247 |
0.570 0.652 |
-0.713, 1.860 |
0.021 0.677 |
-1.310, 1.356 |
|
| Economically inactive | -1.548 0.234 |
-2.006, -1.090 |
-1.867 0.228 |
-2.313, -1.423 |
-1.353 0.251 |
-1.848, -0.866 |
|
| Missing | -0.164 1.625 |
-3.303, 2.903 |
-0.180 1.464 |
-3.001, 2.607 |
2.505 1.476 |
-0.375, 5.352 |
|
a Adjusted for age, age squared, gender, social class, marital status, carer status, employment status, and housing tenure.
b Only the agegroup model has agegroup main effects, all others model age and age squared
IS: Income Support
IBJSA: Income-based Job Seekers Allowance
IB/SDA: Incapacity Benefit, Severe Disablement Allowance
DLA/AA: Disability Living Allowance and Attendance Allowance