Table 6.
Characteristics of included studies and detailed description of intervention
| First Author | Study Subjects | Deliverer/Recipient of Intervention | Length of Intervention (Dose) | Detailed Description of Intervention |
| Dufault [24] | 27 nurses from 4 oncology units | Both nurses and researcher s/nurses | 28 weeks consisting of 6 sequential phases | Nurses and investigators participated in activities related to optimal pain management. The phases included: |
| 1. Problem identification and assessment of research bases for utilization | ||||
| 2. Evaluation of research relevancy to problem selection, nursing department values, standards and policies, and potential cost and benefit | ||||
| 3. Innovation design to meet the needs of the problem within the scope of the research base. | ||||
| 4. Actual or construct replication and evaluation of the innovation. | ||||
| 5. Decision to adopt, alter or reject the innovation. | ||||
| 6. Development of means to extend the innovation within and outside of the setting. | ||||
| Hong [25] | 220 nurses surveyed/255 episodes of care observed from 3 medical and 3 surgical units | Local opinion leaders and infection control nurses/Nurses and student nurses | 30 minute lecture and unspecified length demonstratio n tutorial | Infection control nurses provided lectures on research based practices surrounding catheter care. Local opinion leaders provided demonstration tutorials to group of 6–10 nurses following the lectures. |
| Tranme r [26] | 235 nurses from 6 medical/surgical units | Researchers/nurses | 20 hours for 'high' intervention and 8 hours for 'low' intervention | High intervention: Nurses learned how to review and critique research literature, completed a literature review on a clinical practice, participated in the design of a research study to address the identified clinical problem, and participated in the implementation of the study. |
| Low intervention: Nurses learned about the literature related to a clinical problem and discussed now best to implement the research study. | ||||
| Tsai [27] | 89 nurses from multiple clinical units | Clinical experts/nurses | 65 hour workshops delivered over 8 weeks | Research utilization education designed and based on steps of research utilization: |
| 1. Preparation stage | ||||
| 2. Confirmation stage | ||||
| 3. Comparison and | ||||
| assessment stage | ||||
| 4. Decision stage | ||||
| 5. Implementation stage | ||||
| 6. Evaluation stage |