Table 2.
Inhaled and intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters.
| Controls (n = 13) | COPD group (n = 10) | P-value | Ratio COPD/healthy (90% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic data inhaled route | ||||
| Area under curve (pg ml−1 h) | 2996 (2337–3840) | 1961 (1478–2602) | 0.03 | 0.65 (0.48–0.89) |
| Cmax (pg ml−1) | 421 (298–594) | 235 (159–348) | 0.03 | 0.56 (0.36–0.86) |
| Systemic availability (%) | 21.2 (14.3–31.4) | 13.3 (8.5–20.9) | 0.12 | 0.63 (0.38–1.03) |
| Tmax (h)* | 0.75 (0.333–3.0) | 0.75 (0.167–3.0) | ||
| Plasma half-life (h) | 6.6 (5.4–8.1) | 7.2 (5.7–9.1) | 0.57 | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) |
| Mean residence time (h) | 9.07 (7.58–10.85) | 10.30 (8.39–12.64) | 0.34 | 1.14 (0.91–1.44) |
| Mean absorption time (h) | 6.19 (4.57–8.37) | 5.51 (3.96–7.67) | 0.60 | 0.89 (0.61–1.29) |
| Pharmacokinetic data intravenous route | ||||
| Area under curve (pg ml−1 h) | 14148 (11038–18135) | 14710 (11086–19518) | 0.83 | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) |
| Cmax (pg/ml) | 23364 (16772–32545) | 18926 (12973–27611) | 0.39 | 0.81 (0.53–1.23) |
| Volume of distribution at steady state (l) | 229 (180–292) | 273 (207–360) | 0.33 | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) |
| Plasma half-life (h) | 4.1 (3.3–5.0) | 4.9 (3.9–6.2) | 0.21 | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) |
| Mean residence time (h) | 3.26 (2.61–4.06) | 4.02 (3.13–5.17) | 0.20 | 1.23 (0.94–1.63) |
| Clearance (ml min−1) | 1173 (1044–1319) | 1133 (992–1295) | 0.69 | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) |
Data are geometric least square means (95% confidence intervals), except for
*
Inhaled time to Cmax, which is median (range).