Table 2.
Outcomes of dynamic muscle training, relaxation training, and ordinary activity (control group) for chronic neck pain at three, six, and 12 month follow up. Values are means (standard deviations) unless stated otherwise
|
Difference (95% CI)*
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measures | Dynamic muscle training group (n=135) | Relaxation training group (n=128) | Control group (n=130) | Dynamic muscle training v control | Relaxation training v control | Relaxation training v dynamic muscle training |
| 3 month follow up | ||||||
| Pain intensity† | 2.9 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.4) | 2.7 (2.5) | 0.2 (-0.4 to 0.7) | 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.7) | -0.1 (-0.6 to 0.5) |
| Neck disability† | 15 (14.6) | 14 (12.5) | 14 (13.8) | 0.8 (-1.9 to 3.6) | 1.4 (-1.3 to 4.2) | 0.6 (-2.1 to 3.3) |
| Normal life limited by neck pain (scale 0-10)† | 1.1 (2.0) | 0.9 (1.8) | 0.8 (1.8) | 0.0 (-0.5 to 0.5) | 0.3 (-0.2 to 0.8) | 0.3 (-0.2 to 0.8) |
| Work limited by neck pain (scale 0-10)† | 1.2 (2.1) | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.9 (1.9) | 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.7) | 0.3 (-0.3 to 0.8) | 0.2 (-0.4 to 0.7) |
| Subjective work ability† | 8.3 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.3) | 8.5 (1.1) | 0.0 (-0.3 to 0.4) | -0.2 (-0.6 to 0.1) | -0.3 (-0.6 to 0.1) |
| Cervical range of motion (degrees): | ||||||
| Rotation† | 146 (24.4) | 147 (18.5) | 145 (21.5) | -5.1 (-8.6 to -1.7) | -4.3 (-7.8 to -0.8) | 0.8 (-2.7 to 4.2) |
| Lateral flexion† | 82 (16.8) | 80 (14.4) | 78 (15.3) | -3.5 (-5.9 to -1.1) | -2.7 (-5.2 to -0.2) | 0.8 (-0.9 to 2.5) |
| Flexion and extension† | 118 (22.3) | 117 (20.3) | 116 (18.5) | -3.2 (-7.0 to 0.5) | -0.2 (-4.0 to 3.6) | 3.0 (-0.7 to 6.8) |
| Dynamic muscle strength† | 40 (13.8) | 41 (17.0) | 40 (15.4) | 0.1 (-2.2 to 2.5) | 0.2 (-2.2 to 2.5) | 0.0 (-2.3 to 2.4) |
| 6 month follow up | ||||||
| Pain intensity | 2.9 (2.8) | 3.0 (2.7) | 2.9 (2.8) | 0.4 (-0.3 to 1.0) | 0.2 (-0.4 to 0.8) | -0.2 (-0.8 to 0.4) |
| Neck disability | 15 (15.4) | 15 (14.5) | 14 (13.8) | -0.1 (-3.1 to 2.9) | 0.1 (-2.9 to 3.2) | 0.2 (-2.8 to 3.2) |
| Normal life limited by neck pain (scale 0-10) | 1.0 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.9) | 1.0 (1.9) | 0.4 (-0.2 to 0.9) | 0.4 (-0.0 to 0.7) | -0.0 (-0.6 to 0.5) |
| Work limited by neck pain (scale 0-10) | 1.2 (2.1) | 1.2 (2.1) | 1.0 (1.9) | 0.3 (-0.3 to 0.9) | 0.3 (-0.3 to 0.9) | 0.0 (-0.6 to 0.6) |
| Subjective work ability | 8.1 (1.6) | 8.3 (1.6) | 8.3 (1.2) | 0.2 (-0.2 to 0.5) | -0.1 (-0.5 to 0.3) | -0.3 (-0.7 to 0.1) |
| Cervical range of motion (degrees): | ||||||
| Rotation | 144 (24.6) | 145 (18.5) | 144 (19.2) | -3.6 (-7.2 to -0.0) | -3.7 (-7.4 to -0.1) | -0.1 (-3.7 to 3.4) |
| Lateral flexion | 80 (17.5) | 78 (14.2) | 77 (14.6) | -3.0 (-5.6 to -0.5) | -2.6 (-5.1 to -0.0) | 0.5 (-2.1 to 3.0) |
| Flexion and extension | 116 (22.7) | 117 (19.3) | 114 (191.6) | -4.3 (-8.0 to -0.6) | -2.8 (-6.5 to 1.0) | 1.5 (-2.3 to 5.2) |
| Dynamic muscle strength | 38 (13.1) | 41 (17.5) | 40 (16.8) | 1.7 (-0.8 to 4.2) | 0.6 (-2.0 to 3.1) | -1.1 (-3.6 to 1.4) |
| 12 month follow up | ||||||
| Pain intensity | 3.1 (2.5) | 3.3 (2.6) | 3.2 (2.5) | 0.5 (-0.1 to 1.0) | 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.8) | -0.2 (-0.8 to 0.3) |
| Neck disability | 19 (15.5) | 19 (14.7) | 17 (13.7) | -0.1 (-3.0 to 2.9) | 0.2 (-2.8 to 3.1) | 0.2 (-2.7 to 3.2) |
| Normal life limited by neck pain (scale 0-10) | 1.5 (2.0) | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.3 (1.8) | 0.1 (-0.3 to 0.6) | 0.3 (-0.2 to 0.8) | 0.1 (-0.3 to 0.6) |
| Work limited by neck pain (scale 0-10) | 2.0 (2.3) | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.5 (1.9) | 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.6) | 0.5 (-0.1 to 1.0) | 0.4 (-0.1 to 0.9) |
| Subjective work ability | 7.9 (1.2) | 8.1 (1.2) | 8.0 (1.4) | 0.1 (-0.3 to 0.4) | -0.2 (-0.5 to 0.1) | -0.3 (-0.6 to 0.1) |
| Cervical range of motion (degrees): | ||||||
| Rotation | 142 (23.8) | 145 (17.7) | 143 (17.9) | -3.9 (-7.6 to -0.3) | -5.3 (-9.0 to -1.6) | -1.4 (-5.0 to 2.3) |
| Lateral flexion | 79 (16.9) | 78 (12.8) | 76 (15.0) | -2.4 (-4.9 to 0.1) | -3.0 (-5.5 to -0.5) | -0.5 (-3.0 to 1.9) |
| Flexion and extension | 115 (22.7) | 116 (17.8) | 114 (18.1) | -3.1 (-6.8 to 0.7) | -1.7 (-5.5 to 2.1) | 1.3 (-2.4 to 5.1) |
| Dynamic muscle strength | 40 (13.7) | 41 (17.7) | 39 (16.0) | -0.6 (-3.2 to 2.1) | -0.1 (-2.8 to 2.6) | 0.5 (-2.2 to 3.1) |
*
Adjusted for baseline values.
†
See footnote to table 1 for definition.