Figure 7.

Application of tolerance model for systolic blood pressure after administration of ephedra (17.3 mg ephedrine, 5.3 mg pseudoephedrine, 175 mg caffeine) [15] (a) Model fit from using pooled pharmacodynamic parameter estimates from this current study and study-specific pooled pharmacokinetic parameter estimates. (b) Model fit using study-specific pharmacodynamic parameter estimates. Pharmacokinetic values: k_a = 1.34 h⁻¹, CL/F = 21.6 l h⁻¹, V/F = 222 l, t_lag = 25 min. Data shown as mean ± SD, n = 8. Symbols represent actual data and line represents model fit