Table 2. The odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals obtained from multivariate models for predicting ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, coma and flumazenil administration in benzodiazepine overdose.
| Predictor variable | ICU admission | Mechanical ventilation | Coma | Flumazenil use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzodiazepine drug | ||||
| Alprazolam | 2.06 (1.27, 3.33) | 1.89 (1.09, 3.28) | – | 2.22 (1.27, 3.89) |
| Diazepam | 0.78 (0.58, 1.05) | 0.66 (0.47, 0.93) | – | 0.75 (0.50, 1.11) |
| Age (10 year increment) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) | – | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) | 1.44 (1.30, 1.60) |
| Female gender | – | – | – | 0.63 (0.44, 0.89) |
| Alcohol | – | – | 1.90 (1.38, 2.61) | – |
| TCAs | 8.93 (6.51, 12.26) | 12.45 (8.86, 17.47) | 4.53 (3.14, 6.55) | – |
| Opiates | 2.22 (1.26, 3.92) | 2.26 (1.17, 4.35) | 3.57 (2.03, 6.29) | – |
| Anticonvulsants | – | 2.02 (1.04, 3.91) | – | – |
| Antipsychotics | 2.11 (1.34, 3.31) | 1.94 (1.17, 3.23) | – | 0.21 (0.05, 0.86) |
The first column contains all predictor variables that were included in at least one of the multivariate models. The second to fifth columns relate to the model for each outcome variable. Where there are dashes the predictor variable was not included in the model for the outcome variable of that column (not significant). The benzodiazepine drug variable had three categories (other benzodiazepine, alprazolam and diazepam) and other was used as the reference. Age was a continuous variable but the odds ratio applied to 10 year increments (i.e. the odds of the outcome variable with an increase of age by 10 years). All other variables were dichotomous. The reference for gender was male and the reference for co-ingested drugs was the absence of that co-ingested drug (i.e. the odds ratio associated with TCAs is interpreted as the odds ratio of the outcome, such as ICU admission, when TCAs are co-ingested compared with if no TCA is co-ingested).