Table 2.
Crude RR | 95% CI | Adjusted* RR 95% | 95% CI | Failure (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics at index date Age group (years) | ||||||||||
15–24 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 13.5 | |||||||
25–34 | 0.99 | 0.88, 1.12 | 0.99 | 0.87, 1.11 | 13.3 | |||||
35–44 | 0.99 | 0.85, 1.12 | 0.99 | 0.88, 1.13 | 13.3 | |||||
45–54 | 1.16 | 1.03, 1.31 | 1.19† | 1.05, 1.34 | 15.5 | |||||
55–64 | 1.22 | 1.07, 1.39 | 1.26† | 1.10, 1.43 | 16.2 | |||||
Year start | ||||||||||
1992–1993 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 12.4 | |||||||
1994–1996 | 1.19 | 1.07, 1.32 | 1.17† | 1.05, 1.31 | 14.6 | |||||
1997–1998 | 1.21 | 1.08, 1.36 | 1.22† | 1.08, 1.37 | 14.9 | |||||
Type of antibiotic and duration of therapy | ||||||||||
Nitrofurantoin | ||||||||||
3 days | 1.0 | 1.0 | 18.9 | |||||||
5 days | 0.67 | 0.57, 0.79 | 0.67† | 0.57, 0.79 | 13.1 | |||||
7 days | 0.64 | 0.53, 0.77 | 0.63† | 0.52, 0.75 | 12.5 | |||||
Trimethoprim | ||||||||||
3 days | 0.82 | 0.71, 0.94 | 0.82† | 0.72, 0.95 | 15.6 | |||||
5 days | 0.68 | 0.59, 0.79 | 0.69† | 0.60, 0.80 | 13.2 | |||||
7 days | 0.71 | 0.58, 0.88 | 0.71† | 0.58, 0.88 | 13.7 | |||||
Norfloxacin | ||||||||||
5 days | 0.62 | 0.42, 0.92 | 0.60† | 0.40, 0.89 | 12.3 | |||||
7 days | 0.43 | 0.31, 0.59 | 0.42† | 0.30, 0.57 | 8.5 | |||||
One year prior to start of antibiotic therapy Oral corticosteroids | ||||||||||
No | 1.0 | 14.2 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.08 | 0.86, 1.36 | 15.2 | |||||||
Hormone replacement therapy | ||||||||||
No | 1.0 | 14.1 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.04 | 0.92, 1.17 | 14.6 | |||||||
Antidiabetic therapy | ||||||||||
No | 1.0 | 14.2 | ||||||||
Yes | 0.86 | 0.66, 1.12 | 12.3 | |||||||
Oral contraceptives | ||||||||||
No | 1.0 | 14.5 | ||||||||
Yes | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.02 | 13.8 | |||||||
Hospitalization | ||||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 13.9 | |||||||
Yes | 1.28 | 1.12, 1.46 | 1.31† | 1.15, 1.50 | 17.4 |
Variables significantly associated with therapy failure after antibiotic treatment (RR < > 1) were analysed in one multivariate model.
Significantly different from reference category. RR >1 indicates that the variable increases therapy failure after antibiotic therapy, while RR <1 indicates that the variable decreases therapy failure after antibiotic therapy.