Table 2.

NAC in experimental renal disease

In animals, protection of renal function in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, attenuation of proximal tubular necrosis, amelioration of microcirculation due to vasodilation, and improvement of medullary hypoperfusion in acute renal failure [44]

In haemodialysis patients, decrease of the increased rate of mononuclear leucocyte apoptosis, prevented apoptosis and oxidative stress, and restored intracellular pool of thiols [4]

In haemodialysis patients, inhibition of phagocyte oxidative responses induced by AOPP but not that induced by compounds mimicking pathogens: NAC could safely reduce oxidative stress-related inflammation [45]

Renoprotective effect in cisplatin, ciclosporin, mercuric chloride, cadmium, lithium, gentamicin and amphotericin-induced injury [46, 47]

AOPP, Advanced oxidation protein products.