Table 2.

 Studies monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV

Country	Programme results*
Cameroon12	7871 women attended for antenatal care, with 86% being tested for HIV. 572 (9%) women tested positive for HIV. 427 HIV positive women were “regularly followed-up”; 92% of the 261 women that delivered received nevirapine (including their newborns). 210, 123, and 81 children were HIV tested at 6-8 weeks, 5-6 months, and 15-18 months respectively
Dominican Republic13	42 666 women attended for antenatal care. 54% were tested for HIV, and 581 (2.5%) had a positive result. 89% of the 185 HIV positive women that delivered and 183/186 delivered infants received nevirapine, with 24% of the infants being tested for HIV infection at 6 weeks
Kenya14	3564 attended for antenatal care; 70% were tested for HIV. 348 (14%) tested positive, but only 285 (82%) returned to the health centre for their test results, of whom 152 returned to receive nevirapine at 34 weeks' gestation. 106 took nevirapine during labour. No information on follow-up of infants
Kenya15	Data from two periods. 8231 women attended antenatal services, with 5652 (69%) women being tested for HIV. 5077 (90%) of tested women returned to the health centre for their results, of whom 1207 (24%) were HIV positive. 773 (64%) of women reported taking nevirapine. No information is provided on follow-up of infants
Malawi5	3136 women attended antenatal services, 2996 had pretest counselling, and 2965 (95%) were tested. 646 (22%) women were HIV positive. 288 (45%) returned to obtain nevirapine at 36 weeks' gestation, with 206 returning to the hospital for delivery. 222 of the delivered infants received nevirapine, and 122 returned at 6 months to be tested for HIV
South Africa16	1234 (15%) of 8221 babies delivered had HIV positive mothers. >95% of newborns were given nevirapine; 705 (56%) returned for postnatal follow-up at 2 weeks, but the number missing appointments at 4 months was substantial (79% in the routine cohort of patients)
South Africa17	Of 84 406 women attending for antenatal care 56% agreed to HIV testing; 30% tested HIV positive, 55% of whom received nevirapine. 12 months after delivery, only 50% of mothers who had received nevirapine attended health services to have their infant tested for HIV
Zambia11	Among 8787 women that delivered in surveyed health centres, 2257 (26%) had cord blood that was positive for HIV. 1112 of these HIV positive women knew their HIV status and were given nevirapine to take themselves. Of these, 751 (68%) had nevirapine in their blood at time of delivery. 675 (90%) infants born to these mothers received nevirapine after birth
Zimbabwe18	Of 2298 women who had counselling, 93% agreed to HIV testing, with 74% of those tested returning to collect their test result. Of 437 (20%) women that tested HIV positive, 24% received complete mother-child prophylaxis with nevirapine

*Methods and duration of monitoring and evaluation varied considerably.