Structure of the PGRP-IβC–GMPP complex. (A) Overall structure. Disulfide bonds are shown in purple. Labeling of secondary structure elements follows the numbering for unbound PGRP-IαC in ref. 21. The N and C termini are indicated. The bound GMPP is shown in ball-and-stick representation, with carbon atoms in cyan, nitrogen atoms in blue, and oxygen atoms in red. The final σA-weighted 2Fo–Fc electron density map for the GMPP ligand at 1.5 σ is contoured in blue. (B) Stereoview of interactions between PGRP-IβC and GMPP at the PGN-binding site. The bound GMPP is shown in stick representation, with carbon atoms in yellow, nitrogen atoms in blue, and oxygen atoms in red. Hydrogen bonds are drawn as dotted lines. Bound waters (W1–5) mediating hydrogen bonds between PGRP-IβC and GMPP are shown as cyan balls. (C) Schematic representation of interactions between PGRP-IβC and GMPP. GMPP is shown in blue; hydrogen bonds are shown as dotted lines. Residues making van der Waals contacts with GMPP are indicated by arcs with spokes radiating toward the ligand moieties they contact. Water-mediated interactions between GMPP and PGRP-IβC are omitted for clarity.