Fig. 2.

Fractions of the 483 ecosystems artificially selected using propagule sampling (P) and the 49 ecosystems selected using migrant pool sampling (M), in both high (H) and low (L) lines, that satisfy observations O1–O4. O1 indicates cases where at least one species from the selected community gives performance equal to or better than the intact community when grown in isolation as a monoculture. O2 indicates cases where at least one species from the selected community gives equal or better performance in the context of the wild-type community. O3 indicates cases where the same species gives equal or better performance both as a monoculture and in a wild-type community, i.e., it represents a subset of the intersection between O1 and O2. O4 indicates cases where the sum of contributions of individual species (excluding interactions) equals or exceeds the performance of the selected community (with interactions).