Autonomous proliferation of Ba/F3 cells expressing KIT642Glu in vitro (A and B) and in nude mice (C). A: MTT colorimetric assay in the presence or absence of rmIL-3. B: MTT colorimetric assay in presence or absence of rmSCF. Optical density at 540 nm expressed as means of four wells. C: Size of tumors developed in nude mice (n = 5) after injection of Ba/F3 clones expressing various forms of murine KIT. Tumor volume is stated in mm 3 ± SE. Ba/F3 cells expressing KIT642Glu showed factor-independent growth and tumorigenicity comparable to Ba/F3 cells expressing KITdel559–560, an activating mutation of the juxtamembrane domain found in GISTs. Ba/F3 cells expressing KIT816Val, a mutant found in mast cell leukemia, showed a higher proliferation rate. Native Ba/F3 cells and Ba/F3 cells expressing wild-type KIT thrived only in presence of growth factors and did not form tumors in nude mice. Native Ba/F3 cells (○), Ba/F3 cells expressing wild-type KIT (□), Ba/F3 cells expressing KIT816Val (•, Ba/F3 cells expressing KITdel559–560 (▪), Ba/F3 cells expressing KIT642Glu (×).