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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Jun 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2006 Jun;7(6):377–390. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.442

Table 4.

Psychological Distress and Marital Functioning

VARIABLE	STUDY	STRONG SUPPORT	MODERATE SUPPORT	WEAK/NO SUPPORT	STUDY QUALITY
Marital satisfaction
	Cano et al¹⁴ (2004)		-		^***
	Cano et al¹¹ (2000)	-			^***
	Feinauer and Steele²⁵ (1992)			^x	^**
	Keefe et al⁴² (1996)	-			^***
	Kerns et al⁴⁶ (1990)		-		^***
	Mohamed et al⁵⁸ (1978)		-
	Romano et al⁷² (1997)	-			^***
	Saarijarvi et al⁷⁸ (1990)	-			^**
	Schwartz et al⁸⁵ (1991)			-	^***
	Walsch et al¹⁰⁰ (1998)	-			^**
Spousal support
Positive	Feldman et al²⁶ (1999)		-		^**
	Goodenow et al³⁶ (1990)		-		^***
	Revenson and Majerovitz⁶⁴ (1990)		+		^**
	Riemsma et al⁶⁵ (2000)			-	^***
	Schiaffino and Revenson⁸³ (1995)		-		^**
	Waltz et al101	-			^***
Problematic	Revenson and Majerovitz⁶⁴ (1990)		+		^***
	Riemsma et al⁶⁵ (2000)		+		^***
	Schiaffino and Revenson⁸³ (1995)		+		^**
	Waltz et al¹⁰¹ (1998)		+		^***
Spouse responses
Negative	Burns et al¹⁰ (1996)	+			^**
	Cano et al¹⁴ (2004)		+		^***
	Cano et al¹¹ (2000)		+		^***
	Kerns et al⁴⁶ (1990)			+	^***
	Manne and Zautra⁵¹ (1989)		+		^**
	Turk et al⁹⁶ (1992)			+	^***
Solicitous	Burns et al¹⁰ (1996)		+		^**
	Cano et al¹¹ (2000)			^x	^***
	Flor et al²⁹ (1987)	+			^**
Distracting	Cano et al¹¹ (2000)			^x	^***
	Kerns et al⁴⁶ (1990)			+	^***
Combined	Goldberg et al³⁵ (1993)			-	^***

^x

no effect

^***

superior

^**

good