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. 2007 Mar 1;25(6):1619–1630. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05422.x

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© The Authors (2007). Journal Compilation © Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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Fig. 9 — Proposed model summarizing the role played by endocannabinoids (eCBs) at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. This represents our current working model for explaining the signalling pathways involved in muscarine-induced synaptic depression at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Block arrows represent the diffusion or movement of a signalling molecule. Curved block arrows indicate an enzymatic conversion. Solid black arrows depict steps that have been experimentally verified, whereas dashed arrows reveal steps that contain unknown details. All chemicals in italics and their respective arrows are meant to show the various targets of each of the experimental reagents used (see text for details). We are not sure whether nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the muscle fibers or the perisynaptic Schwann cells so we have included each possibility and noted both with an asterisk. NO, acting via cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), is necessary but not sufficient to modulate neurotransmitter release and we have noted this with a dashed line and & symbol. We do not yet know the specific target of PKG. Δ[Ca²⁺]_i, intracellular calcium transient; ACh, acetylcholine; ACPA, arachidonylcyclopropylamide; 2-AG, 2-arachidonylglycerol; AM 281, N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; CB₁, cannabinoid receptor subtype 1; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DAG, diacylglycerol; 4-DAMP, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide; DGL, diacylglycerol lipase; G, G-protein; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; L-NAME, N_ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; M₃, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 3; nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; NOS, NO synthase; ODQ, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one; PI, phosphatidylinositol or its phosphorylated derivatives; PLC, phospholipase C; RHC-80267, 1,6-bis-(cyclohexyloximinocarbonylamino)-hexane; Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS; sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase; U-73122, 1-[6-[[(17b)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,4(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; VDM 11, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide.