Currie and Gruber (1996) |
1985–1993 |
United States |
Current Population Survey |
Examine trends statewide in mortality for children according to percent of children covered by Medicaid in the state |
Child mortality rates fell more rapidly in states with higher increase in Medicaid coverage for children |
No individual-level data on mortality. No subgroup analysis |
Kaestner, Joyce, and Racine (2001) |
1988–1992 |
United States |
Nationwide sample of hospital discharges (Health Cost and Utilization Project) |
Rates of admission for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions for children in low income and high income areas compared before and after Medicaid expansions |
ACS admissions reduced only for children ages 2–6 in lowest income areas |
No individual-level data on insurance status or income |
Racine et al. (2001) |
1989 and 1995 |
United States |
National Health Interview Survey |
Compared changes in restricted activity days before and after Medicaid expansions for poor and nonpoor children |
No significant difference in trends in restricted activity days between poor and nonpoor children |
Unclear whether rates were adjusted for age |
Holl et al. (2000) |
1991–1993 |
Six western New York counties |
Telephone survey of parents of children enrolled in new insurance (CH Plus) |
Parents of children age 0–5 continuously enrolled for 9 months were asked whether their child's health improved as a result of the program |
25% of parents felt their child's health had improved after enrollment |
No comparison group |
Skarr et al. (2002) |
2001–2002 |
California |
Mailed survey to parents of children enrolled in Healthy Families (SCHIP) |
Studied changes to health related quality of life from 2001 to 2002, for children in bottom quartile of health related quality of life in 2001 |
Health related quality of life was higher after 1 year of enrollment |
No comparison group. Only 34% of parents responded to both waves of the survey |
Damiano et al. (2003) |
1999–2000 |
Iowa |
Mail survey (with telephone follow-up) of parents of children enrolled in hawk-i (SCHIP) |
Compared perceived health status, school days missed, and functional limitations at time of enrollment in program to year after enrollment |
Children's health status improved according to all three measures, after enrollment in hawk-i |
No comparison group. Only 21% of parents responded to both waves of the survey |
Fox et al. (2003) |
1999–2000 |
Kansas |
Mail survey of parents of children enrolled continuously for 1 year in Health Wave (SCHIP), at enrollment and 1 year after enrollment |
Compared perceived health status, perception of health improvement, and school days missed, at enrollment and 1 year after enrollment |
After 1 year of enrollment children's health status improved and fewer school days were missed due to health. More parents perceived an improvement in their child's health in the past year |
No comparison group. Only 48% parents responded to both waves of the survey |
Flores et al. (2003) |
1997–1998 |
Boston Medical Center |
In-person interview with parents of children admitted with one of 16 conditions. In-person or telephone interview with child's primary care and inpatient physicians |
Interviews examined whether problems with access to care led to hospitalization |
Uninsured children were almost three times as likely as privately insured children to have an avoidable hospitalization, according to all three respondents |
Small sample size: of 554 children in the study, only 16% (88 children) were uninsured |