Major clades of eleutherodactyline frogs. (a) ML phylogeny of 280 species of frogs including eleutherodactylines, Brachycephalus, and three out-group species. Species are numbered according to SI Table 4. Major groups with support values (ML bootstrap/ME bootstrap/Bayesian posterior probability), number of species sampled, and total number of described species per clade are indicated. ML, ME, and Bayesian trees including taxon names and all confidence values are available (SI Figs. 5–7). (b) Distribution of Caribbean, Middle American, and South American clades.