FIG. 3.
Effect of formulated microbicide products on HIV-1 binding on the A431 (A) and Caco-2 (B) cell lines. Monolayers of 2.5 × 105 Caco-2 or A431 cells were incubated with 100 REV of an HIV-1 isolate in the absence or presence of the diluted formulated microbicide or placebo. Cells were washed and lysed, and RNA was extracted. Real-time PCR was used to amplify RNA from a conserved HIV-1 LTR region, and the average cycle threshold ± standard error of the mean is graphed. These data represent results from at least two independent experiments performed in triplicate. All P values were determined with respect to a mixed-effects model of virus bound to epithelial cells. @, P ≤ 0.01; #, P ≤ 0.001; *, P ≤ 0.0001 (relative to the 100-REV control [no microbicide or placebo]). The formulated microbicide is listed along with its placebo designated by the small “p.”