Table 2.
Echocardiographic Characteristics
| Mitral Annular Calcium |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Entire Cohort (N=419) |
Yes (N=94) |
No (N=325) |
P Value |
| Mitral regurgitation, ≥ moderate | 4.8% | 8.5% | 3.7% | 0.094 |
| Mitral stenosis, any | 0.2% | 1.1% | 0% | 0.224 |
| Aortic valve calcium | 42.6% | 74.5% | 32.7% | <0.001 |
| Aortic regurgitation, ≥ moderate | 2.6% | 5.3% | 1.8% | 0.075 |
| Aortic stenosis, any | 6.9% | 22.3% | 2.5% | <0.001 |
| Left atrial enlargement | 18.6% | 43.6% | 11.4% | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 14.6% | 29.8% | 10.2% | <0.001 |
| Reduced left ventricular function | 9.3% | 11.7% | 8.6% | 0.369 |
| Mild/moderate (LV ejection fraction 35-54%) | 7.9% | 10.6% | 7.1% | 0.268 |
| Severe (LV ejection fraction <35%) | 1.4% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 1.00 |
| Akinetic/dyskinetic LV segment | 3.3% | 6.4% | 2.5% | 0.096 |
| Proximal complex aortic atheroma | 22.1% | 52.2% | 13.6% | <0.001 |
| Mobile | 4.1% | 9.8% | 2.5% | 0.004 |
| Distal complex aortic atheroma | 17.1% | 42.9% | 9.9% | <0.001 |
| Mobile | 2.9% | 6.6% | 1.9% | 0.028 |
| Any complex aortic atheroma | 27.0% | 59.8% | 17.6% | <0.001 |
| Mobile | 5.3% | 13.3% | 3.1% | 0.001 |
| Definite cardiac source of embolism | 7.2% | 10.6% | 6.2% | 0.137 |
| Probable alternative cause of cerebrovascular event* |
14.8% | 25.5% | 11.7% | 0.001 |
*
Definite cardiac source of embolism, ipsilateral large artery stenosis, recent endovascular intervention, or hypercoagulable state. (Excludes proximal CAA.)