Table 3.
Relation between Mitral Annular Calcium and Complex Aortic Atheroma
| Proximal CAA | Distal CAA | Any CAA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio 95% CI |
P Value |
Odds Ratio 95% CI |
P Value |
Odds Ratio 95% CI |
P Value |
|
| Entire Cohort (n=419) | ||||||
| Crude | 6.94 (4.14-11.65) |
<0.001 | 6.82 (3.92-11.86) |
<0.001 | 6.94 (4.18-11.50) |
<0.001 |
| Age-adjusted | 2.44 (1.35-4.43) |
0.003 | 2.67 (1.43-4.93) |
0.002 | 2.38 (1.32-4.30) |
0.004 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Clinical covariates* |
2.23 (1.15-4.31) |
0.017 | 2.59 (1.28-5.24) |
0.008 | 2.19 (1.09-4.39) |
0.027 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Age + echo covariates† |
2.45 (1.30-4.60) |
0.005 | 2.16 (1.13-4.14) |
0.021 | 2.11 (1.13-3.93) |
0.019 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Clinical* + LV hypertrophy† |
2.10‡ (1.09-4.18) |
0.030 | 2.48‡ (1.22-5.04) |
0.012 | 2.08‡ (1.03-4.18) |
0.041 |
| Subgroup with Otherwise Unexplained Cerebral Ischemia (n=331)§ | ||||||
| Crude | 8.51 (4.54-15.96) |
<0.001 | 6.71 (3.42-13.15) |
<0.001 | 8.23 (4.44-15.24) |
<0.001 |
| Age-adjusted | 3.26 (1.61-6.58) |
0.007 | 2.56 (1.21-5.40) |
0.014 | 2.97 (1.48-6.00) |
0.002 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Clinical covariates* |
3.01 (1.02-6.69) |
0.007 | 2.34 (0.97-5.65) |
0.058 | 2.34 (1.02-5.38) |
0.045 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Age + echo covariates† |
3.29 (1.53-7.07) |
0.002 | 1.97 (0.87-4.45) |
0.103 | 2.77 (1.29-5.93) |
0.009 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Clinical* + LV hypertrophy† |
2.74 (1.22-6.16) |
0.015 | -- | -- | 2.15 (0.93-4.99) |
0.075 |
*
Age, hypertension, diabetes (for proximal and any CAA only), hypercholesterolemia, smoking (for distal and any CAA only), renal insufficiency
†
LV hypertrophy, aortic valve calcium, left atrial enlargement
‡
Inclusion of aortic valve calcium and left atrial enlargement in the model did not meaningfully influence the magnitude of the odds ratio
§
No atrial fibrillation, ipsilateral large-artery stenosis ≥50%, definite cardiac source of embolism, or hypercoagulable state