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. 2003 Nov;163(5):1997–2008. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63558-4

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

NMDA-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by inhibiting ONOO− formation. NMDA (80 or 200 nmol/eye)-induced apoptosis, formation of nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite/nitrate in the rat retina as affected by intravitreal L-NAME (0.1 mg/eye) or TEMPOL (0.4 mg/eye) were determined at 18 hours after NMDA injection with or without L-NAME or TEMPOL. A: Representative retinal distribution of apoptotic nuclei in cryosections determined by TUNEL assay after two doses of NMDA injection and with or without L-NAME or TEMPOL. OCT-frozen eye sections (8 μm) perpendicular to the retinal surface were analyzed at two adjacent locations along the vertical meridian within 1 to 2 mm of the optic disk. Arrows indicate TUNEL-positive cells. ONL, outer nuclear layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer. B: Quantitative analysis of the dose effect of NMDA and the effect of L-NAME and TEMPOL on the NMDA-induced apoptosis in the retinal cryosections determined by TUNEL assay. Values represent the mean ± SE of a total of four animals for each dose in two experiments. *, Significant at P < 0.01. C: Representative retinal distribution of nitrotyrosine residues in cryosections determined by immunohistochemistry after NMDA injection with or without L-NAME or TEMPOL. OCT-frozen eye sections (8 μm) perpendicular to the retina surface were analyzed as described above. RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; IS, inner segment. D: Quantitative analysis of the effect of L-NAME and TEMPOL on the NMDA-induced relative optical density of nitrotyrosine in the retinal cryosections determined by immunohistochemistry. Values represent the mean ± SE of a total of four animals for each dose in two experiments. *, Significant at P < 0.01. E: Effect of L-NAME and TEMPOL on the NMDA-induced MDA formation in the retina. Values represent the mean ± SE of four animals per treatment group. *, Significant at P < 0.05. F: Effect of L-NAME and TEMPOL on the NMDA-induced nitrite/nitrate accumulation in the retina. Values represent the mean ± SE of four animals per treatment group. *, Significant at P < 0.05.