Table 1.
Regions of statistically significant differences of functional brain activation in the cortex and subcortex between rats in response to a fear conditioned tone cue (CS) or a control condition (control)
| CS versus control | Sig. SPM | Sig. ROI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cortex | |||
| Isocortex | |||
| Auditory (Au) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Temporal association (TeA) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Visual, secondary lateral (V2) | ↑ | v | Y |
| Motor, primary, secondary (M1, M2) | ↓ | v, c | Y |
| Somatosensory, primary (S1, S1BF) | ↓ | v, c | Y |
| Cingulate area 2 (Cg2) | ↑ | v, c, * | N |
| Ectorhinal (Ect) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Entorhinal, medial posterior (MEnt) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Prelimbic (PrL), Infralimbic (IL) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y† |
| Piriform (Pir) | ↓ | v | Y |
| Subcortex | |||
| Amygdala | ↑ | ||
| Amygdala, lateral (LA) | ↓ | v, c, * | Y |
| Amygdala, anterior area, cortical anterior, cortical posterior, medial (AA, ACo, PLCo, Me) | ↓ | v, c | Y† |
| Amygdala, central (CE) | ↓ | v, c | Y |
| Amygdala, basomedial, basolateral (BMA, BLA) | ↓ | v, c | Y† |
| Hippocampal formation | |||
| Fimbria of hippocampus (fi) | ↑ | v | Y |
| Hippocampus ventral (CA1, CA2) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Subiculum, ventral posterior (S) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y |
| Hippocampus dorsal (CA1, CA2, CA3, DG) | ↓ | v, c, * | Y |
| Subiculum, dorsal (S) | ↓ | v, c, * | Y |
| Parasubiculum (PaS), presubiculum (PreS), postsubiculum (Post) | ↓ | v, c, * | Y |
| Hypothalamus | |||
| Hypothalamus, dorsomedial, ventromedial, posterior (DMH, VMH, PH) | ↑ | v | Y |
| Periaqueductal gray, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, lateral > ventrolateral (dmPAG, dlPAG, lPAG > PAG) | ↑ | v, c | Y |
| Striatum | |||
| Caudate-putamen, medial (mCPu) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y† |
| Caudate-Putamen, centrolateral (clCPu) | ↓ | v, c | Y |
| Thalamus | |||
| Thalamic midline nuclei: anteromedial, centromedial, paraventricular, paraventricular posterior, reunions, rhomboid (AM, CM, MD, PV, PVP, Re, Rh) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y† |
| Thalamus, posterior nucleus (Po) | ↓ | v, c, * | N |
| Thalamus, ventral posteromedial, ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPM, VPL) | ↓ | v, c, * | Y |
| Other | |||
| Deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe)/tegmental tract (tg) area | ↑ | v, c | N |
| Lateral septal nucleus, intermediate, ventral (LSI, LSV) | ↑ | v, c, * | Y† |
| Pons (Pn) | ↓ | v | Y |
| Pretectal nucleus, anterior (APT) | ↓ | v, c, * | N |
| Zona Inserta (ZI) | ↓ | v, c, * | N |
The first column lists the cortical and subcortical brain regions, with abbreviations taken from the Paxinos and Watson (1998) rat atlas.
The second column indicates whether such differences represent increases (i.e., CS minus control > 0) or decreases (i.e., CS minus control < 0).
The third column indicates for the SPM analysis whether presence of statistical significance was at the voxel level (v) and cluster level (c), as well as whether significance ( P < 0.05) was retained after correction for multiple comparisons.
The fourth column indicates whether the indicated region was significant (Yes/No) using the ROI method at the P < 0.05 level or P < 0.005 level.
Regions shown in Fig. 2 that were significant only at the voxel level, without significance at either the cluster level or the ROI level, are not shown.