Table 2.

Examples of nonapoptotic cell death featuring cytoplasmic vacuolation

Location	Description	Characteristics	Reference
Neuronal development	“Cytoplasmic”	ER swelling, later mitochondrial swelling	(11)
Neuronal development	“Type 3B”	ER swelling, later mitochondrial swelling	(9)
S. pombe	Bax-induced death	Cytoplasmic vacuolation	(45)
D. discoideum	DIF-induced cell death	Cytoplasmic vacuolation	(46)
ALS model G93A transgenic mouse	Motor neuron degeneration	ER swelling, later mitochondrial swelling	(15)

ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; DIF, differentiation-inducing factor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.