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IGF-IGFBP axis profile in adults with DN vs. healthy people and diabetic patients without DN
| Serum levels | Urine levels | |
|---|---|---|
| IGF-I | ↓ H; ↑ DM | ↑ DM |
| IGF-II | ND | ND |
| IGFBP-1 | ↑ H | ND |
| IGFBP-2 | ND | ND |
| IGFBP-3 | ↓ H, DM | ↑ DM |
| IGFBP-4 | N for H | ND |
| IGFBP-5 | ↓ H | ND |
| IGFBP-6 | ND | ND |
H, healthy people; DM, diabetes without nephropathy; N, normal level; ND, no data in available literature.
