TABLE 2.

Locations and effects of QTL for critical photoperiod and stage of diapause

QTL	Linkage group	Positiona (cM)	LRb	ac	dd	|d/a|e	R2f
A. CPP
1	1	11.0	137.32***	0.467	0.235	0.504	0.207
2	1	14.4	48.99***	0.381	0.210	0.550	0.065
3	2	13.9	14.81*	0.158	−0.058	0.367	0.016
4	2	45.1	16.96*	−0.528	−0.110	0.208	0.048
5	2	50.0	14.95*	0.450	−0.069	0.153	0.015
6	2	93.8	29.92**	0.187	−0.200	1.070	0.034
7	2	122.0	49.96***	0.500	−0.187	0.374	0.069
8	2	125.6	91.84***	0.438	−0.182	0.416	0.115
9	3	54.3	46.34***	0.289	−0.075	0.261	0.048
B. SOD
1	1	21.1	46.91**	−0.294	−0.020	0.068	0.164
2	2	88.6	17.33*	0.205	0.244	1.190	0.079
3	2	108.0	28.01*	0.223	0.291	1.304	0.105
4	2	124.6	29.84*	−0.378	0.198	0.525	0.075

^aEach QTL position is the point on a linkage group where the likelihood ratio reaches the highest value after crossing the significance threshold (α = 0.05).

^bThe likelihood-ratio test statistic for H₀/H_A: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.

^cAdditive effect of the QTL in hours for CPP and for proportion of one larval instar for SOD. The sign indicates whether the QTL effect is toward the northern (positive) or southern (negative) parent.

^dDominance effect of the QTL: the sign indicates whether the QTL effect is toward the northern (positive) or southern (negative) parent. The scale is in hours for CPP and instar stages for SOD.

^eAbsolute value of the ratio of dominance to additive effects; a QTL is considered completely dominant when |d/a| = 1, partially dominant when |d/a| is between 0 and 1, additive when|d/a| = 0.

^fProportion of the phenotypic variance explained by the QTL.