Table 2.

Molecular markers and their prognostic value in precursors and preinvasive breast lesions.

Molecular markers	Prognostic importance
Estrogen receptor-alpha	Aggravating, 3-fold increased risk for IDC (normal breast epithelium)
Estrogen receptor-beta	Protective
c-erb-B2	Aggravating -not unanimous results with respect to RR
p53 disruption	Aggravating – conflicting results regarding the RR of its expression in benign lesions
Ki-67	Aggravating – no specific estimation of RR
Bcl-2	Aggravating – no specific estimation of RR
VEGF	Aggravating
E-cadherin disruption	Aggravating
TGF- beta	Ambiguous – loss of TGF-beta-RII is aggravating
p16 disruption	Controversial findings
p21 (Waf1)	Controversial findings
p27 disruption	Aggravating/scarcity of data
14-3-3 sigma hypermethylation	Aggravating