. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Jun 21.

Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2006 Jul 24;126(1-3):139–146. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.022

Table 3.

Hierarchical regression predicting depressive symptoms from helplessness, ICP pain severity, and spouses’ personal experiences with chronic pain

	Variable	B	SE B	β	t	R²	ΔR²
Step 1						.47
	Gender of spouse	8.72	3.63	.19	2.41^*
	Marital satisfaction	−.39	.11	−.31	−3.73^***
Step 2						.58	.11^***
	Helplessness	−.11	.63	−.02	−.17
	Spouse pain	11.69	3.72	.26	3.14^**
	ICP pain severity	.50	.43	.14	1.15
Step 3						.62	.04^a
	Helplessness × spouse pain	2.01	.88	.26	2.27^*
	ICP pain severity × spouse pain	.13	.62	.03	.22
	ICP pain severity × helplessness	.04	.08	.05	.48
Step 4						.62	.00
	ICP pain severity × spouse pain × helplessness	.17	.13	.15	1.31

Note. ICP, individual with chronic pain.

p = .05.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.