Table I.
Pre- and Postsupplementation Phenotypic Ratios
| Phenotypic Ratio (CYP) | Supplement | Presupplementation (mean and 95% CI) | Postsupplementation (mean and 95% CI). | Difference (mean and 95% CI) | Post/Pre Ratios† (geometric mean and 90% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OH-MDZ/MDZ (CYP3A4) | Goldenseal | 3.93 (3.29 to 4.57) | 2.43 (1.76 to 3.09) | −1.50 (−1.84 to −1.16)* | 0.60 (0.53 to 0.67)* |
| Kava kava | 4.03 (3.17 to 4.90) | 3.99 (3.33 to 4.64) | −0.04 (−0.07 to 0.04) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) | |
| Black cohosh | 3.89 (3.05 to 4.73) | 3.35 (2.87 to 3.84) | −0.54 (−1.17 to 0.10) | 0.88 (0.78 to 0.98) | |
| Valerian | 3.68 (3.30 to 4.06) | 3.68 (2.95 to 4.40) | 0.00 (−0.50 to 0.50) | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.10) | |
| DMX/CFE (CYP1A2) | Goldenseal | 0.47 (0.37 to 0.56) | 0.44 (0.32 to 0.55) | −0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06) | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.15) |
| Kava kava | 0.48 (0.36 to 0.61) | 0.48 (0.36 to 0.61) | 0.00 (−0.11 to 0.11) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) | |
| Black cohosh | 0.47 (0.39 to 0.55) | 0.43 (0.31 to 0.55) | −0.04 (−0.14 to 0.05) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.06) | |
| Valerian | 0.50 (0.38 to 0.62) | 0.47 (0.34 to 0.59) | −0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | |
| OH-CZX/CZX (CYP2E1) | Goldenseal | 0.47 (0.39 to 0.56) | 0.45 (0.34 to 0.57) | −0.02 (−0.14 to 0.10) | 0.93 (0.72 to 1.19) |
| Kava kava | 0.48 (0.36 to 0.59) | 0.28 (0.21 to 0.36) | −0.20 (−0.32 to −0.06)* | 0.59 (0.45 to 0.77)* | |
| Black cohosh | 0.45 (0.35 to 0.54) | 0.43 (0.34 to 0.53) | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.06) | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.12) | |
| Valerian | 0.46 (0.37 to 0.55) | 0.46 (0.36 to 0.57) | 0.00 (−0.09 to 0.09) | 1.00 (0.84 to 1.20) | |
| HDEB/(HDEB+DEB) (CYP2D6) | Goldenseal | 0.64 (0.56 to 0.72) | 0.41 (0.30 to 0.52) | −0.23 (−0.27 to −0.19)* | 0.60 (0.51 to 0.70)* |
| Kava kava | 0.62 (0.55 to 0.70) | 0.63 (0.55 to 0.71) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | |
| Black cohosh | 0.64 (0.57 to 0.71) | 0.59 (0.52 to 0.67) | −0.05 (−0.08 to −0.01)* | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.98)* | |
| Valerian | 0.64 (0.58 to 0.71) | 0.63 (0.56 to 0.71) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.02) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) |
CI = confidence interval, OH-MDZ = 1-hydroxymidazolam, MDZ = midazolam, DMX = paraxanthine, CFE = caffeine, OH-CZX = 4-hydroxychlorzoxazone, CZX = chlorzoxazone, HDEB = 6-hydroxydebrisoquine, DEB = debrisoquine
†
= geometric mean of postsupplementation/presupplementation ratios and 90% CI
*
= p < 0.05