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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 May;77(5):415–426. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.009

Table II.

Content of phytochemical marker compounds, dosage form, and disintegration times for botanical supplements.

Supplement Compound Content (mg/capsule) (mean ± s.d.) Daily Dose (mg) Dosage Form Disintegration Time (min.) (mean ± s.d.)
Goldenseal Isoquinoline alkaloids Hard gelatin capsule 20.4 ± 1.7
Hydrastine 10.8 ± 0.15 64.8
Berberine 12.9 ± 0.15 77.4
Total 23.7 142.2
Black cohosh Triterpene glycosides Hard gelatin capsule 4.9 ± 0.1
Cimiracemoside 0.2 ± 0.02 0.8
27-deoxyactein 0.6 ± 0.01 2.4
Actein 1.9 ± 0.06 7.6
Total 2.7 10.8
Kava kava Kava pyrone lactones Hard gelatin capsule 14.2 ± 2.6
Kavain 8.4 ± 0.86 33.6
Dihydrokavain 7.9 ± 0.81 31.6
Methysticin 6.3 ± 0.66 25.2
Dihydromethysticin 4.5 ± 0.45 18.0
Yangonin 3.6 ± 0.36 14.4
Desmethoxyyangonin 3.8 ± 0.40 15.2
Total 34.5 138
Valerian Valerenic acid Trace trace Uncoated tablet 42.1 ± 10.8